In the realm of cognitive enhancement, Armodafinil has emerged as a powerful and promising nootropic. Developed as an enantiopure version of Modafinil, Armodafinil has gained popularity among individuals seeking to boost their focus, productivity, and overall cognitive performance.
At Holisticnootropics.com, our mission is to provide comprehensive resources and expert insights to help you make informed decisions about nootropics like Armodafinil, while emphasizing a holistic approach to mental health and well-being.
In this article, we will delve into the science behind Armodafinil, exploring its mechanism of action, benefits, side effects, and optimal dosage. We will also compare Armodafinil to its parent compound, Modafinil, and discuss potential synergistic combinations with other nootropics.
As always, our goal is to demystify the complex world of nootropics and empower you with evidence-based information to enhance your cognitive performance and overall well-being.
How Armodafinil Works in the Brain
Armodafinil primarily exerts its cognitive-enhancing effects by modulating several key neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Its primary mechanism of action involves inhibiting the dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT), which leads to increased extracellular levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter critical for motivation, reward, and cognitive function[1].
In addition to its effects on dopamine, Armodafinil also modulates other neurotransmitters, including:
- Norepinephrine: Involved in arousal, alertness, and attention
- Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, and cognitive function
- Histamine: Promotes wakefulness and reduces fatigue
- Glutamate: The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
- GABA: The main inhibitory neurotransmitter, balancing neural activity
Compared to traditional stimulants like amphetamines and methylphenidate, Armodafinil offers a more targeted and balanced approach to enhancing cognitive function. Its unique mechanism of action promotes wakefulness and alertness without the intense euphoria or potential for abuse associated with these other stimulants.
Learn More: Best Nootropics For ADHD & Focus
Benefits of Armodafinil
Armodafinil offers a range of cognitive benefits that can help individuals enhance their mental performance and productivity. Some of the key benefits include:
- Improved focus and concentration: Armodafinil helps users maintain laser-sharp focus on tasks, even during extended periods of mental exertion.
- Enhanced cognitive performance: Users may experience improvements in memory, learning, and overall cognitive function.
- Increased motivation and productivity: By modulating dopamine levels, Armodafinil can boost motivation and drive, helping users tackle challenging projects with greater ease.
- Reduced fatigue and sleepiness: Armodafinil promotes wakefulness and alertness, making it an effective tool for combating fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness.
In addition to its approved uses for treating narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work disorder, Armodafinil has shown promise as an off-label treatment for conditions such as depression, ADHD, and general cognitive enhancement [2]. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using Armodafinil for any off-label purposes.
Armodafinil vs. Modafinil: Key Differences
While Armodafinil and Modafinil share many similarities, there are some key differences between these two nootropics:
- Chemical structure: Armodafinil is the R-enantiomer of Modafinil, meaning it consists of only one of the two mirror-image molecules found in Modafinil.
- Duration of effects: Armodafinil has a longer duration of action compared to Modafinil, with effects lasting up to 15 hours [3].
- Onset of action: Some users report that Armodafinil has a slightly slower onset of action compared to Modafinil.
- Side effect profile: While both compounds share similar side effects, some users report fewer incidences of headaches, nausea, and anxiety with Armodafinil.
- Dosage considerations: Due to its longer duration of action, Armodafinil is typically taken once daily, while Modafinil may require multiple doses.
Learn More: The 8 Best Natural Modafinil Alternatives That Actually Work!
Dosage and Administration
The recommended dosage for Armodafinil varies depending on the individual and the intended use. Generally, the following dosage guidelines apply:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Recommended Dosage | 150-250 mg once daily |
| Half-Life | Approximately 15 hours |
| Prescription Status | Available by prescription only in most countries |
| Brand Name | Nuvigil |
| Generic Name | Armodafinil |
It is crucial to start with the lowest effective dose and gradually titrate up as needed to minimize the risk of side effects. Additionally, long-term use of Armodafinil should be monitored closely by a healthcare professional to assess the ongoing benefits and potential risks.
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
Like any nootropic or medication, Armodafinil may cause side effects in some individuals. The most common side effects include:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
In rare cases, more serious side effects may occur, such as skin rashes, allergic reactions, or cardiovascular issues. It is essential to be aware of any potential drug interactions and contraindications before taking Armodafinil, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.
Learn More: Best Nootropics For Anxiety
Armodafinil and Sleep
One of the primary concerns with Armodafinil use is its potential impact on sleep quality and duration. As a wakefulness-promoting agent, Armodafinil can interfere with normal sleep patterns, particularly if taken too late in the day. To minimize sleep disruption, consider the following strategies:
- Take Armodafinil early in the morning or as directed by your healthcare provider
- Avoid taking Armodafinil within 12 hours of your desired bedtime
- Maintain a consistent sleep schedule, even on days when you do not take Armodafinil
- Practice good sleep hygiene, such as creating a relaxing bedtime routine and ensuring a comfortable sleep environment
Learn More: Best Nootropics For Sleep + Simple Biohacks
Stacking Armodafinil with Other Nootropics
While Armodafinil is a potent nootropic on its own, some users find that combining it with other cognitive enhancers can lead to synergistic effects and improved overall performance. Some popular Armodafinil stacks include:
- Armodafinil + Citicoline: Citicoline is a cholinergic compound that can enhance focus, memory, and overall cognitive function. When combined with Armodafinil, users may experience a heightened level of mental clarity and productivity.
- Armodafinil + Caffeine + L-Theanine: This classic nootropic stack combines the wakeful-promoting effects of Armodafinil and caffeine with the calming and focusing properties of L-theanine, leading to a balanced and sustained cognitive boost.
- Armodafinil + Noopept: Noopept is a potent cognitive enhancer that has been shown to improve memory, learning, and overall brain function. Stacking Armodafinil with Noopept may result in a powerful synergistic effect, enhancing various aspects of cognitive performance.
When stacking nootropics, it is essential to start with low doses of each compound and carefully monitor your response. Be aware of potential interactions and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns.
Learn More: The Best Nootropic Stack For Ultimate Brain Performance
Where to Buy Armodafinil
Armodafinil is a prescription medication in most countries, meaning you will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain it legally. In some cases, individuals may be able to purchase Armodafinil from online pharmacies or vendors, but it is crucial to exercise caution when doing so. Many online sources may sell counterfeit or low-quality products, which can be ineffective or even dangerous.
When searching for a reputable Armodafinil vendor, consider the following factors:
- Requirement of a valid prescription
- Reputation and customer reviews
- Quality and purity of the product
- Transparency in sourcing and manufacturing processes
- Customer support and shipping policies
Remember, the safest and most reliable way to obtain Armodafinil is through a licensed pharmacy with a valid prescription from your healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Armodafinil
Is Armodafinil legal?
Armodafinil is a prescription medication in most countries, including the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. It is legal to possess and use with a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.
How long does Armodafinil stay in your system?
The half-life of Armodafinil is approximately 15 hours, meaning it can stay in your system for up to 75 hours after the last dose. However, individual factors such as age, liver function, and dosage can influence the duration of its presence in the body.
Can Armodafinil cause withdrawal symptoms?
While Armodafinil is not considered to be physically addictive, some users may experience withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, and brain fog when discontinuing use after prolonged periods. Gradually tapering the dosage under the guidance of a healthcare professional can help minimize these symptoms.
Is Armodafinil safe for long-term use?
The long-term safety of Armodafinil has not been extensively studied. While many users report sustained benefits with prolonged use, it is essential to regularly consult with a healthcare professional to monitor for potential adverse effects and reassess the risk-benefit profile.
Can Armodafinil be detected in drug tests?
Armodafinil is not typically included in standard drug screening panels. However, it can be detected in more comprehensive tests specifically designed to identify its presence. If you are subject to drug testing, it is essential to disclose your Armodafinil use to the testing provider and provide a valid prescription.
Armodafinil Discussions on Reddit
Experiencing the Benefits of Armodafinil
Armodafinil is the only wake-promoting medication that helps me at all these days (also taking Xyrem). So definitely give it a try!
u/AdSignificant2065 in discussion ‘Does anyone do well on armodafinil?’
Dosage and Side Effects
I started taking it yesterday. I feel like I’m getting a lot done, and I’m actually able to be still, but I’m still really scatterbrained.
u/Radish_3xp3rim3nt in discussion ‘Armodafinil’
Long-Term Use and Tolerance
I’ve been on it for a decade and I haven’t had any side effects at all. It’s the only thing that gives me functionality, especially upon waking in the morning.
u/aktualize in discussion ‘Does anyone do well on armodafinil?’
These discussions highlight the varying experiences and perspectives of Armodafinil users, emphasizing the importance of individual response and the need for personal experimentation under the guidance of a healthcare professional. As with any nootropic or cognitive enhancer, it is crucial to conduct thorough research, consult with experts, and listen to your body when determining if Armodafinil is right for you.
Conclusion
Armodafinil is a potent and promising nootropic that has demonstrated the ability to enhance focus, productivity, and overall cognitive performance. By modulating key neurotransmitter systems in the brain, Armodafinil offers a targeted and balanced approach to cognitive enhancement, with a lower risk of adverse effects compared to traditional stimulants.
However, as with any nootropic, individual response to Armodafinil can vary significantly, and it is essential to approach its use with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. By staying informed, listening to your body, and embracing a holistic approach to cognitive enhancement, you can make the most of Armodafinil’s potential benefits while minimizing the risks.
As research continues to uncover the mechanisms and applications of Armodafinil, we at Holisticnootropics.com remain committed to providing you with the latest evidence-based information and expert insights to help you navigate the complex world of nootropics.
We encourage you to share your experiences, ask questions, and engage with our community as we work together to optimize our cognitive performance and overall well-being.
References
[1] Loland CJ, Mereu M, Okunola OM, Cao J, Prisinzano TE, Mazier S, Kopajtic T, Shi L, Katz JL, Tanda G, Newman AH. R-modafinil (armodafinil): a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Sep 1;72(5):405-13. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.022. PMID: 22537794; PMCID: PMC3413742.
[2] Ballon JS, Feifel D. A systematic review of modafinil: Potential clinical uses and mechanisms of action. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;67(4):554-66. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0406. PMID: 16669720.
[3] Darwish M, Kirby M, Hellriegel ET, Robertson P Jr. Armodafinil and modafinil have substantially different pharmacokinetic profiles despite having the same terminal half-lives: analysis of data from three randomized, single-dose, pharmacokinetic studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29(9):613-23. doi: 10.2165/11315280-000000000-00000. PMID: 19663523.
Armodafinil – An Overview
Armodafinil (sold under the brand name NuVigil) is a wakefulness-promoting drug prescribed to treat narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and shift work disorder.1Mona Darwish, Mary Kirby, Edward T Hellriegel, Philmore Robertson Jr. Armodafinil and Modafinil Have Substantially Different Pharmacokinetic Profiles Despite Having the Same Terminal Half-Lives: Analysis of Data From Three Randomized, Single-Dose, Pharmacokinetic Studies Clin Drug Investig. 2009
However, it is often used off-label for its nootropic effects on:
- Attention
- Focus
- Cognitive enhancement
- Fatigue
Armodafinil is chemically similar to its more famous -afinil cousins, modafinil and adrafinil.
In many respects, they have many of the same effects on the brain when taken as supplements.
But there are some differences.
Brand name Modafinil is composed of both the right-handed and left-handed modafinil isomers.
The right-handed isomer is quicker acting and more powerful, while the left-handed isomer is slower-release and long-lasting.
Armodafinil gets its name because it is ONLY the right-handed isomer of modafinil.
This means that it metabolizes slightly differently and may give it more of a kick.
Some nootropics users claim that armodafinil can feel stronger and interfere with sleep more than modafinil.
What Does Armodafinil Do?
Armodafinil For Sleep Apnea and Sleep Improvement
Armodafinil’s developers originally intended it as a wakefulness-promoting agent used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work sleep disorder.
These are still its primary uses, according to the medical establishment.2John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP. Nuvigil Side Effects Center https://www.rxlist.com/. 2019
A meta-analysis of five randomized control armodafinil trials (a total of 1009 subjects) showed improvements in both daytime sleepiness and wakefulness. Modafinil showed similar results in the same meta-analysis.3Yi-Chun Kuan, Dean Wu, Kuang-Wei Huang, Nai-Fang Chi, Chaur-Jong Hu, Chen-Chih Chung, Ka-Wai Tam, Yao-Hsien Huang. Effects of Modafinil and Armodafinil in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Clin Ther. 2016
Armodafinil For Attention/Wakefulness
According to a 2-week, randomized controlled study of 254 permanent or rotating night shift workers with shift work disorder (SWD), armodafinil can significantly improve cognitive function in sleep-deprived individuals.
In patients with chronic SWD, armodafinil significantly improved wakefulness during scheduled night work, and raising mean nighttime sleep latency above the level considered to indicate severe sleepiness during the daytime.4Charles A. Czeisler, PhD, MD, James K. Walsh, PhD, Keith A. Wesnes, PhD, Sanjay Arora, PhD,† and Thomas Roth, PhD. Armodafinil for Treatment of Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Shift Work Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study Mayo Clin Proc. 2009
Focus
Physicians originally prescribed armodafinil as a narcolepsy drug, but it has started to gain popularity as an off-label treatment for ADHD.
It is especially popular for people looking for an alternative to medications like Adderall.
It’s effects on attention, cognition, and mood are somewhat similar to amphetamines, but with a much, much lower risk profile.
There is some evidence that armodafinil may have extra benefits for people suffering from attention disorders as opposed to those without.5Shane E Lindsay, Gary A Gudelsky, Pamela C Heaton. Use of Modafinil for the Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderAnn Pharmacother. 2006
Although the above study looked at modafinil, armodafinil should have similar effects.
Armodafinil For Memory
Armodafinil significantly improved long-term memory in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
This is most likely due to its anti-fatigue effects allowing better overall cognitive function.6M Hirshkowitz, J E Black, K Wesnes, G Niebler, S Arora, T Roth. Adjunct Armodafinil Improves Wakefulness and Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome Respir Med. 2007
There have not been any large scale studies on armodafinil and healthy subjects in terms of memory.
Still, there are some anecdotal reports from the nootropics community indicating that this may be the case.
Armodafinil For Fatigue
One military study showed that soldiers who were subjected to 64 hours of continuous mental work performed better when given modafinil, which is very similar to armodafinil.
According to researchers, “subjective estimates of mood, fatigue, and sleepiness, as well as objective measures of reaction time, logical reasoning and short-term memory clearly showed better performance” after administering the drug.
Researchers also noted that it also performed better than amphetamines, and with fewer side effects.7R Pigeau, P Naitoh, A Buguet, C McCann, J Baranski, M Taylor, M Thompson, I MacK I. Modafinil, D-Amphetamine and Placebo During 64 Hours of Sustained Mental Work. I. Effects on Mood, Fatigue, Cognitive Performance and Body Temperature J Sleep Res. 1995
Modafinil Vs. Armodafinil
In comparison with modafinil, armodafinil maintains higher plasma concentrations later in the day in healthy subjects.8Mona Darwish, Mary Kirby, Edward T Hellriegel, Philmore Robertson Jr. Armodafinil and Modafinil Have Substantially Different Pharmacokinetic Profiles Despite Having the Same Terminal Half-Lives: Analysis of Data From Three Randomized, Single-Dose, Pharmacokinetic Studies Clin Drug Investig. 2009
Data in healthy subjects who underwent acute sleep deprivation suggest that a single dose of armodafinil 200 mg may increase the ability to sustain wakefulness and attention later in the dosing interval compared with the same dose of modafinil.9David F Dinges, Sanjay Arora, Mona Darwish, Gwendolyn E Niebler. Pharmacodynamic Effects on Alertness of Single Doses of Armodafinil in Healthy Subjects During a Nocturnal Period of Acute Sleep Loss Curr Med Res Opin. 2006
Armodafinil improved alertness at all doses studied. Relative to modafinil, the same dose of armodafinil showed a comparable peak plasma concentration, but with higher concentrations 6-14 hours after the dose.
In short, armodafinil stays in your system longer than modafinil, with fewer fluctuations.
How Armodafinil Works In The Brain
Armodafinil is a single right-handed isomer of modafinil. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown.
Armodafinil belongs to a class of drugs known as eugeroics (“wakefulness promoting”), which are stimulants that provide long-lasting central nervous system arousal.
Armodafinil does not bind to or inhibit many of the receptors or enzymes potentially relevant for sleep/wake regulation, making it’s specific mechanism a bit of a mystery.
However, researchers do have some ideas about how it might affect the relevant systems.
Armodafinil is not a direct dopamine receptor agonist. However, it does bind to the dopamine transporter and inhibits dopamine reuptake, indirectly modulating the dopamine system.
In vitro, it terminates the action of dopamine by its high-affinity reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
This action on dopamine could be responsible for some of its effects on mood, attention, and motivation.10Loland CJ, et al. target=”_blank”>R-modafinil (armodafinil): a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse Biol Psychiatry. 2012
Norepinephrine is a byproduct of dopamine, so armodafinil increases levels of this neurotransmitter as well.
Norepinephrine is heavily involved with wakefulness and arousal, so increasing the levels of this chemical in the brain can increase general alertness.
Adrafinil seems to work by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine from the synapse, rather than triggering a release of the chemical.11Madras BK, et al.Modafinil occupies dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in vivo and modulates the transporters and trace amine activity in vitro J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006
Armodafinil also works on the orexin/hypocretin system is located in the hypothalamus.
This region is responsible for regulating wakefulness, alertness, and hunger. Deficiency in this system can cause narcolepsy.
Researchers believe armodafinil directly stimulate these neurons, which is why it has been useful in treating narcolepsy.
Histamine is a critical component of the sleep/wake cycle as well. Armodafinil increases histamine, likely through the same action as it has on the orexin and hypocretin system.
This may promote wakefulness and stimulation.12Tomoko Ishizuka , Tomotaka Murotani, Atsushi Yamatodani. Action of Modafinil Through Histaminergic and Orexinergic Neurons Vitam Horm. 2012
Glutamate is your brain’s primary excitatory chemical and is one of the most critical factors in regulating cognition and energy levels.
Armodafinil can raise levels of glutamate in the brain, which can increase overall mental activity.
At the same time, it seems to lower GABA levels, the main inhibitory transmitter.13Maddalena Mereu, Antonello Bonci, Amy Hauck Newman, and Gianluigi Tanda1. The neurobiology of modafinil as an enhancer of cognitive performance and a potential treatment for substance use disorders Psychopharmacology (Berl).2013
How Much Armodafinil Should I Take?
100-200 mg is the standard dosage for treating narcolepsy and sleep apnea. However, some nootropics users take smaller amounts as a more mild boost that will not potentially interfere with sleep as much.
Armodafinil Potential Side Effects
Armodafinil is more powerful than most other substances that are branded as nootropics. As such, you should use more caution when taking it.
The most common side-effects of armodafinil are:
- Dizziness
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- Anxiety
- Fatigue
The main complaint in the nootropics community is that it can cause sleeplessness if you take it too close to bedtime.
If seriously misused, armodafinil could even result in a trip to the hospital, although these reactions are extremely rare.
Armodafinil Reddit Reviews
[su_quote cite=”RiskyBizcut” url=”https://amp.reddit.com/r/modafinil/comments/9d2d26/modafinil_vs_armodafinil/”]Armodafinil feels cleaner and smoother. Stays consistent and makes me feel light for a lack of a better term.[/su_quote][su_quote cite=”max_falcon” url=”https://amp.reddit.com/r/modafinil/comments/eh4ai0/do_you_prefer_modafinil_or_armodafinil/”]Armodafinil. 1/4 at 6am, 1/4 at 10am (3 days a week max). For me that achieves better focus for longer without over stimulation.
Wrapping Up
Do you have questions about, supplementing with Armodafinil? Do you have experience supplementing with Armodafinil? Please share your thoughts in the comments below.
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- 1Mona Darwish, Mary Kirby, Edward T Hellriegel, Philmore Robertson Jr. Armodafinil and Modafinil Have Substantially Different Pharmacokinetic Profiles Despite Having the Same Terminal Half-Lives: Analysis of Data From Three Randomized, Single-Dose, Pharmacokinetic Studies Clin Drug Investig. 2009
- 2John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP. Nuvigil Side Effects Center https://www.rxlist.com/. 2019
- 3Yi-Chun Kuan, Dean Wu, Kuang-Wei Huang, Nai-Fang Chi, Chaur-Jong Hu, Chen-Chih Chung, Ka-Wai Tam, Yao-Hsien Huang. Effects of Modafinil and Armodafinil in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Clin Ther. 2016
- 4Charles A. Czeisler, PhD, MD, James K. Walsh, PhD, Keith A. Wesnes, PhD, Sanjay Arora, PhD,† and Thomas Roth, PhD. Armodafinil for Treatment of Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Shift Work Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study Mayo Clin Proc. 2009
- 5Shane E Lindsay, Gary A Gudelsky, Pamela C Heaton. Use of Modafinil for the Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderAnn Pharmacother. 2006
- 6M Hirshkowitz, J E Black, K Wesnes, G Niebler, S Arora, T Roth. Adjunct Armodafinil Improves Wakefulness and Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome Respir Med. 2007
- 7R Pigeau, P Naitoh, A Buguet, C McCann, J Baranski, M Taylor, M Thompson, I MacK I. Modafinil, D-Amphetamine and Placebo During 64 Hours of Sustained Mental Work. I. Effects on Mood, Fatigue, Cognitive Performance and Body Temperature J Sleep Res. 1995
- 8Mona Darwish, Mary Kirby, Edward T Hellriegel, Philmore Robertson Jr. Armodafinil and Modafinil Have Substantially Different Pharmacokinetic Profiles Despite Having the Same Terminal Half-Lives: Analysis of Data From Three Randomized, Single-Dose, Pharmacokinetic Studies Clin Drug Investig. 2009
- 9David F Dinges, Sanjay Arora, Mona Darwish, Gwendolyn E Niebler. Pharmacodynamic Effects on Alertness of Single Doses of Armodafinil in Healthy Subjects During a Nocturnal Period of Acute Sleep Loss Curr Med Res Opin. 2006
- 10Loland CJ, et al. target=”_blank”>R-modafinil (armodafinil): a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse Biol Psychiatry. 2012
- 11Madras BK, et al.Modafinil occupies dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in vivo and modulates the transporters and trace amine activity in vitro J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006
- 12Tomoko Ishizuka , Tomotaka Murotani, Atsushi Yamatodani. Action of Modafinil Through Histaminergic and Orexinergic Neurons Vitam Horm. 2012
- 13Maddalena Mereu, Antonello Bonci, Amy Hauck Newman, and Gianluigi Tanda1. The neurobiology of modafinil as an enhancer of cognitive performance and a potential treatment for substance use disorders Psychopharmacology (Berl).2013
