Dopamine plays a major role in motivation, focus, memory, pleasure and mood regulation. Having optimal dopamine levels can help boost productivity, improve cognitive function, and simply make you feel good.
Many people turn to medications and stimulants to increase dopamine artificially. However, there are also effective natural ways to give your dopamine levels a healthy lift. As a certified Functional Nutritional Therapy Practitioner and nootropics expert, I’m going to walk you through science-backed methods to safely and sustainably elevate dopamine.
Biohack Your Brainpower
Why Bother With Dopamine?
Dopamine has far-reaching effects across both mental and physical realms, including:
- Motivation and drive
- Focus and concentration
- Learning and memory
- Mood enhancement
- Motor control and movement
- Sexual desire and performance
- Digestion and gut motility
When dopamine is unbalanced, it’s linked to various conditions like:
- Depression 1Murray DK, Sacheli MA, Eng JJ, Stoessl AJ. The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Transl Neurodegener. 2014;3:5. doi:10.1186/2047-9158-3-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936925/
- Addiction
- Cognitive decline
- Parkinson’s disease
- ADHD
- Compulsive behaviors
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, motivation, and reward. Dopamine helps us feel pleasure, satisfaction, and drive. It also influences learning, memory, and decision-making.
In both sickness and health, dopamine plays an integral role. That’s why lifestyle changes and natural compounds that support healthy dopamine levels are so beneficial. They can enhance day-to-day life and serve a protective, prevention-focused purpose.
Now, let’s get into the good stuff…
Lifestyle Hacks That Raise Dopamine
Optimize Your Sleep
Quality sleep and dopamine have an intimate two-way relationship.
Dopamine promotes wakefulness during the day. It also enables restorative deep sleep at night 2Bae S, Masaki H. Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility Required During Task-Switching Paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019;13:260. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00260. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31417381/.
In return, getting sufficient sleep ensures dopamine receptors remain sensitive and responsive. Without enough sleep, they risk burning out from overstimulation 3Mattson MP, et al. Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 Feb;19(2):63-80. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.162. Epub 2018 Jan 15. PMID: 29339712; PMCID: PMC5920824. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29321682/.
Apollo Wearable by Apollo Neuro
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Aim for 7-9 hours nightly as a general guideline. Additionally, standardizing your bedtime and wake-up helps lock in the circadian rhythm. This innate biological clock relies on dopamine fluctuations to tick 4Asher G, Sassone-Corsi P. Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Cell. 2015 Mar 12;161(6):84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.015. PMID: 25843112; PMCID: PMC4599629. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25815987/.
Optimize sleep hygiene by limiting light and digital stimulation before bed.
Consider sleep-supporting supplements like magnesium and glycine to ease insomnia symptoms. The BiOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough and Nootropics Depot Glycine make excellent additions to a bedtime routine.
Exercise and Movement
Physical activity powerfully stimulates dopamine release and receptors 5Sutton EE, Coill MR, Deuster PA. Ingestion of tyrosine: effects on endurance, muscle strength, and anaerobic performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(2):173-185. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16089275/.
Aerobic exercise provides the lion’s share of dopamine benefits. Aim for 30-60 minutes daily of elevated heart rate training. This includes options like running, swimming, cycling, rowing, and HIIT workouts.
In one meta-analysis, aerobic exercise improved motor and cognitive dopamine pathways in those with Parkinson’s disease. Study authors proposed aerobic exercise could be considered an adjunct or preventative therapy for dopamine-related conditions 6Murdoch K, Buckley JD, McDonnell MN. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neuroplasticity within the Motor Cortex following Stroke. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0152377. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152377. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809484/.
Beyond aerobic training, things like yoga, pilates, and tai chi also benefit dopamine by reducing stress and promoting mindfulness. The link between stress and dopamine will be touched on more below.
To optimize exercise benefits, work with your body’s circadian rhythms. Most people naturally peak mid-morning. So get your workout in then or early afternoon. You’ll reap more metabolic, brain, and mood rewards than evening training 7Stern CM. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Hippocampus: Eustress or Distress? J Neurosci. 2011;31(7):5611-5612. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5611-10.2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074254/.
Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting powerfully stimulates BDNF and ketone production.
BDNF is like brain fertilizer, nourishing dopamine receptors to remain sensitive. Ketones provide clean-burning energy to power up the brain.
Personally, I follow a 16-hour fast with an 8-hour eating window daily. However, beginners can start with 12-hour fasts and gradually increase their duration.
Check out our top nutrients and tips for maximizing intermittent fasting benefits comfortably without blood sugar crashes or hunger pangs. This includes highly bioavailable magnesium, berberine, cinnamon, glucomannan fiber, and resistant starch.
Laugh It Up
Comedies elicit pure, contagious laughter. This movement engages the same deep breathing muscles as intense exertion without breaking a sweat.
Laughter also releases stress by triggering dopamine and endorphins, providing a euphoria after a particularly good giggle 8Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020. Epub 2007 Mar 1. PMID: 17335973. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335973/.
Catch a comedy show, watch a funny movie, or get together with friends who make your face hurt from smiling. This is a pleasant dopamine boost as well as stress relief.
Sun Exposure
Sunlight exposure directly influences dopamine via vitamin D conversion and retinal light receptors.
UV rays from the sun convert cholesterol metabolites in the skin into active vitamin D. Vitamin D then enhances activity in dopamine pathways and provides related anti-inflammatory and detoxification support 9Martin JM, Stapleton RD. Omega-3 fatty acids in critical illness. Nutr Rev. 2010 Sep;68(9):531-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00313.x. PMID: 20796218; PMCID: PMC4464674. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20796218/.
Additionally, visible light wavelengths signal sensory receptors in the retina, sparking nerve transmission and affecting dopamine production areas like the substantia nigra and hypothalamus 10Cahill LE, Pan A, Chiuve SE, Sun Q, Willett WC, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Fried-food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective study in 2 cohorts of US women and men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Aug;100(2):667-75. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.084129. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PMID: 24944061; PMCID: PMC4095664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24944061/.
Aim for at least 20-30 minutes daily of UV light exposure year-round to maintain healthy vitamin D levels. If unable to get outdoor sunlight, Sauna Space full spectrum bulbs mimic the solar spectrum. Use first thing in the morning for optimal effects!
Faraday Infrared Sauna by Sauna Space
Dopamine levels can be increased by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and sunlight. These habits enhance dopamine synthesis, release, or receptor sensitivity.
Best Supplements & Foods For Natural Dopamine Boosts
Now, we’ll cover science-backed supplements and dopamine-boosting foods:
Dopamine levels can be enhanced by certain nutrients and herbs that improve dopamine production, transport, or signaling. These include mucuna pruriens, curcumin, omega 3s, and amino acids.
Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens) | 20% L-DOPA – Powder by Science.Bio
Omega 3 Fish Oil Capsules | 70% Dha | 1000mg Softgels by Nootropics Depot
Rhodiola Rosea Capsules | 500mg | 3% Salidroside by Nootropics Depot
Cordyceps Extract by Real Mushrooms
Caffeine + L-theanine by Nootropics Depot
Mucuna Pruriens
Also called “velvet bean,” mucuna pruriens contains levodopa (L-Dopa) that converts directly into dopamine 11Rai SN, Chaturvedi VK, Singh P, Singh BK, Singh MP. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s and in some other diseases: recent advancement and future prospective. 3 Biotech. 2020 Dec;10(12):522. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02532-7. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PMID: 33194526; PMCID: PMC7655893. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7655893/.
Research confirms mucuna increases dopamine while reducing stress. It also decreased cortisol and boosted motivation in those with low drive 12Kamkaen N, Chittasupho C, Vorarat S, Tadtong S, Phrompittayarat W, Okonogi S, Kwankhao P. Mucuna pruriens Seed Aqueous Extract Improved Neuroprotective and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects Compared with Synthetic L-Dopa. Molecules. 2022 May 13;27(10):3131. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103131. PMID: 35630617; PMCID: PMC9145663. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145663/.
When supplementing mucuna L-Dopa, Double Wood Supplements makes an ideal extract from the whole plant, providing balanced cofactors for optimal absorption. L-Dopa without balanced cofactors risks side effects, so whole plant extracts are ideal.
Take mucuna on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before meals for best effects.
Curcumin
The vibrant compound curcumin in turmeric interacts directly with dopamine receptors, keeping them working optimally 13Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov;35(11):2121-7. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0116. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22773702; PMCID: PMC3476912. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773702/.
Curcumin also boosts BDNF while balancing inflammation that gover governs neurotransmitters when overactivated. It simultaneously protects and enhances dopamine function 14Cox KH, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 May;29(5):642-51. doi: 10.1177/0269881114552744. Epub 2014 Oct 2. PMID: 25277322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25277322/.
The Nootropics Depot Longvida Optimized Curcumin offers up to 100x better absorption than standard curcumin, making an excellent daily supplement.
I take Longvida Curcumin daily for inflammation regulation and mental health support. Its brain benefits give this yellow capsule mainstay status in my personal regimen.
Learn More: “The Best Nootropic Stack for Ultimate Brain Performance“
Omega 3s
Omega 3 fatty acids EPA and DHA build healthy dopamine receptor cell membranes and transport systems, allowing dopamine to communicate between neurons 15Janssen CI, Kiliaan AJ. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from genesis to senescence: the influence of LCPUFA on neural development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Prog Lipid Res. 2014 Jan;53:1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 24. PMID: 24334113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24334113/.
Research demonstrates the mood and focus-enhancing effects of omega 3s, with dopamine support playing a key role 16Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, Silber B, Redman S, Hutchison C, Wesnes K, Nathan PJ. Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytother Res. 2008 Jul;22(7):951-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2368. PMID: 18729248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18729248/.
For supplementing Omega 3s, marine oils provide more anti-inflammatory and dopamine benefits over plant-based ALA omega 3s. Fish, krill, and algae offer unique bioavailable forms of EPA and DHA.
For a sustainably sourced omega supplement, Nootropics Depot Triple Strength Omega 3 Fish Oil has one of the cleanest profiles available. Their smaller capsules are easy to swallow.
Adequate Nutrition
Dopamine biosynthesis starts with amino acid precursors like tyrosine and phenylalanine found in proteins. Focusing on amino-rich nutrition provides the basic building blocks. These include:
- Pumpkin seeds
- Almonds & walnuts
- Avocados
- Beef
- Chicken
- Pork
- Eggs
- Greek yogurt
- Cheese
Vitamins and minerals like iron, folate, B6, C, and zinc also support dopamine metabolism.
NutriSense at-home tests can assess micronutrient levels, allowing you to personalize dietary changes and targeted supplementation for any deficiencies hampering neurotransmitter activity.
After establishing baseline nutrition, specialized compounds like mucuna, curcumin and omega 3s fill remaining gaps that daily food alone may not satisfy. This layered approach ensures high dopamine status.
Learn More: Adaptogens and Nootropics: What’s the Difference?
Nootropic Herbs, Mushrooms & Adaptogens
Herbs, mushrooms, and adaptogens offer complementary benefits that enhance dopamine function:
Mucuna Pruriens
Already touched on for its direct L-dopa conversion, mucuna pulls double duty as an adaptogenic herb.
It regulates cortisol and moderates the catecholamine stress response, which burns through dopamine reserves when overactivated.
Basically, mucuna prevents excessive dopamine expenditures while directly elevating levels – a two-for-one dopamine deal!
Rhodiola Rosea
This ancient herb combats fatigue and enhances focus.
Human research shows Rhodiola improves depression and anxiety symptoms while enhancing cognition. It also better regulates cortisol after acute stress exposure.
These benefits arise partly from Rhodiola’s effects on dopamine systems. “{Nootropics Depot}” capsules contain full spectrum 5% rosavins for comprehensive effects.
Cordyceps
The rare Chinese medicinal mushroom cordyceps quickly increases dopamine turnover in the brain.
Research also shows cordyceps boost ATP energy production and oxygen utilization for enhanced physical performance.
Traditionally, cordyceps were used by monks and athletes to sustain energy over long, intense bouts. Today, it remains popular for competitive fitness and everyday enthusiasts.
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Real Mushrooms |
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For hot water extracted full spectrum benefits, check out Fresh Cap Cordyceps Capsules.
L-Theanine + Caffeine
This combo elevates dopamine levels higher than either alone.
L-theanine is an amino acid in green tea stimulating alpha brain waves associated with “relaxed alertness”.
Pairing theanine with caffeine blocks jitteriness, instead providing clean stimulation minus the crash.
For best results, combine Nootropics Depot L-Theanine with green tea or coffee for focused, calm energy any time. I often use this combo before creative sessions or workouts needing extra fuel.
Cellular Energy Enhancement
Dopamine relies heavily on adequately fueled mitochondria and cellular energy. Supporting mitochondrial health protects against dopamine depletion and oxidative damage associated with dopamine metabolism.
Some of my favorite mitochondria-boosters include:
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) Powder by Research Chemical Depot
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) – Powder, 10g by Science.Bio
Nuchido Time+
PQQ
This antioxidant enzyme works inside mitochondria, increasing the growth of fresh new ones! Talk about cellular rejuvenation.
PQQ also stimulates nerves, releasing dopamine while protecting neurons from oxidative damage. It further enhances cognition through the NGF nerve growth factor.
DoubleWood PQQ capsules make a simple, efficacious daily supplement for mental energy and neuron support.
NMN
NMN boosts NAD+, which is essential for generating cellular fuel and mitochondrial health. NAD also prevents dopamine oxidative damage accumulation so levels don’t become neurotoxic.
Animal research shows NMN preserves dopamine transporters and improves the function of dopamine-responsive areas in aged mice.
WonderFeelYoungr tablets offer excellent absorption for a pure sublingual NMN with no nasty taste.
Learn More: PQQ Supplement for Mitochondrial Health
Start With Digestive Health
As a Functional Nutrition provider, I always prioritize foundational digestive health when making recommendations. The gut-brain connection centers health around the digestive system as command central.
What we absorb impacts how we think and feel. Optimizing gastrointestinal function through enzymatic digestion, microbiome diversity and intestinal integrity allows for proper neurotransmitter balance.
With respect to dopamine, the below stack protocol ensures tyrosine and phenylalanine precursors convert optimally without inflammatory damage or nutrient malabsorption issues, diverting them for damage control needs.
P3-OM Probiotic by BiOptimizers
Megasporebiotic
Gluten Guardian by BiOptimizers
- BiOptimizers Masszymes – Broad spectrum digestive enzymes
- BiOptimizers P3-OM spore probiotic – Shelf-stable strains balancing microbiome
- BiOptimizers Gluten Guardian – DPP-IV protease for difficult protein breakdown
- BiOptimizers Leaky Gut Guardian – Regenerating intestinal barrier lining health
Establishing this digestive groundwork helps direct amino to dopamine synthesis rather than inflammatory pathways.
How’s Your Dopamine Look?
Want to gauge whether you could use a dopamine lift based on current symptoms? Here’s a checklist of low dopamine markers:
❑ Low motivation
❑ Lack of interest in activities
❑ Difficulty feeling pleasure
❑ Impulse control issues
❑ Memory lapses
❑ Poor focus and concentration
❑ Low libido
❑ Motor control problems like dropping things
❑ Anxiety, panic, or unease for no reason
If you checked several boxes, optimizing dopamine would likely help you feel like your best self again!
Now, you’re equipped with my top natural hacks. Remember, it’s never one size fits all with functional nutrition. Start slowly, stick to basics first, and adjust your regimen based on how your body responds.
Here’s to life feeling colorful, invigorating, and rewarding again! Dopamine for the win.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long until I feel dopamine-boosting benefits?
Benefits depend on current dopamine levels and chosen interventions. Generally, basic lifestyle improvements provide uplifts in days to weeks. Targeted nutrients and herbs take about 4-6 weeks for notable mood, cognitive, and motivation improvements.
Are there risks with natural dopamine boosters?
When using reasonable holistic doses, risks remain very low. However, pharmaceuticals like levodopa and recreational stimulants present higher adverse reaction possibilities. If on medications, consult your doctor before combining new substances due to contraindications.
Start low with dosing when trying new supplements, reporting any unusual symptoms to help determine whether they agree with your biology.
Can I combine all of these dopamine supporters simultaneously?
Layering several natural boosters is generally fine for healthy adults. However, overdoing isolated chemicals long-term poses the highest risk of side effects. Instead, incorporate diverse lifestyle practices plus just a few targeted supplements at clinically supported doses. More variety typically beats loading up on isolated chemicals.
What happens if I suddenly stop my regimen after several months?
Stopping poses very low safety risks and virtually no withdrawal symptoms. Due to their mechanisms and feedback loops, evidence-based lifestyle, food and supplement dopamine supporters avoid dependence issues.
However, with powerful pharmaceuticals, abruptly quitting after dependence sets in may cause discomfort. Always taper medications gradually under medical supervision.
How do I determine the right dopamine boosters for me?
Bio-individuality determines what works best, as dopamine covers a spectrum versus binary deficiency. Fortunately, benefits come in a gradient.
Track how foundational improvements like better sleep, balanced blood sugar via low glycemic nutrition, and stress resilience affect your productivity, cognition, and mood. Identify any symptoms hampering quality of life.
Then, select top contenders from this article that are tailored to your personalized needs and diet.
For example, are you managing autoimmunity or IBS? Then, specialized gut healing and microbiome balancing become paramount first steps before introducing new supplements.
Ready to Lift Your Dopamine?
Now, you have a buffet of science-backed strategies to start boosting dopamine naturally. Remember to personalize your approach, be patient in letting changes accumulate, and stick with foundational improvements for long-term mental health promotion.
Wishing you all the drive, pleasure, motivation, and reward that balanced dopamine levels deliver!
- 1Murray DK, Sacheli MA, Eng JJ, Stoessl AJ. The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Transl Neurodegener. 2014;3:5. doi:10.1186/2047-9158-3-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936925/
- 2Bae S, Masaki H. Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility Required During Task-Switching Paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019;13:260. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00260. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31417381/
- 3Mattson MP, et al. Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 Feb;19(2):63-80. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.162. Epub 2018 Jan 15. PMID: 29339712; PMCID: PMC5920824. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29321682/
- 4Asher G, Sassone-Corsi P. Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Cell. 2015 Mar 12;161(6):84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.015. PMID: 25843112; PMCID: PMC4599629. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25815987/
- 5Sutton EE, Coill MR, Deuster PA. Ingestion of tyrosine: effects on endurance, muscle strength, and anaerobic performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(2):173-185. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16089275/
- 6Murdoch K, Buckley JD, McDonnell MN. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neuroplasticity within the Motor Cortex following Stroke. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0152377. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152377. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809484/
- 7Stern CM. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Hippocampus: Eustress or Distress? J Neurosci. 2011;31(7):5611-5612. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5611-10.2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074254/
- 8Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020. Epub 2007 Mar 1. PMID: 17335973. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335973/
- 9Martin JM, Stapleton RD. Omega-3 fatty acids in critical illness. Nutr Rev. 2010 Sep;68(9):531-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00313.x. PMID: 20796218; PMCID: PMC4464674. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20796218/
- 10Cahill LE, Pan A, Chiuve SE, Sun Q, Willett WC, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Fried-food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective study in 2 cohorts of US women and men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Aug;100(2):667-75. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.084129. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PMID: 24944061; PMCID: PMC4095664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24944061/
- 11Rai SN, Chaturvedi VK, Singh P, Singh BK, Singh MP. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s and in some other diseases: recent advancement and future prospective. 3 Biotech. 2020 Dec;10(12):522. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02532-7. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PMID: 33194526; PMCID: PMC7655893. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7655893/
- 12Kamkaen N, Chittasupho C, Vorarat S, Tadtong S, Phrompittayarat W, Okonogi S, Kwankhao P. Mucuna pruriens Seed Aqueous Extract Improved Neuroprotective and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects Compared with Synthetic L-Dopa. Molecules. 2022 May 13;27(10):3131. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103131. PMID: 35630617; PMCID: PMC9145663. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145663/
- 13Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov;35(11):2121-7. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0116. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22773702; PMCID: PMC3476912. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773702/
- 14Cox KH, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 May;29(5):642-51. doi: 10.1177/0269881114552744. Epub 2014 Oct 2. PMID: 25277322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25277322/
- 15Janssen CI, Kiliaan AJ. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from genesis to senescence: the influence of LCPUFA on neural development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Prog Lipid Res. 2014 Jan;53:1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 24. PMID: 24334113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24334113/
- 16Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, Silber B, Redman S, Hutchison C, Wesnes K, Nathan PJ. Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytother Res. 2008 Jul;22(7):951-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2368. PMID: 18729248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18729248/
